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The Yanomami people are an indigenous group who live in the Amazon Rainforest around the borders of Venezuela and Brazil. There are estimated to be only approximately 26,000 indigenous people remaining.〔Chagnon, Napoleon A. (1974). ''Studying the Yanomamo''. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.〕 They are Interfluvial Indians that live between the Mavaca and Orinoco Rivers. Currently, there are known to be approximately 200-300 Yanomamo villages,〔 with each village consisting of a very large shabono, or home.〔Gordon MacMillan (1995). ''At the End of the Rainbow? Gold, People, and Land in the Brazilian Amazon''. NY: Colombia University Press.〕 This group of people, largely uncontacted by the outside world, have recently been affected by illness from nearby gold miners.〔Dennison Berwick (1992). ''Savages: The Life and Killing of the Yanomami''. London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton, Ltd.〕 Many anthropological studies have emphasized the concept that the Yanomami are very violent people, and although this can be true, the women of the Yanomami culture are an entirely different story. Although males primarily dominate the Yanomami culture, Yanomami women play a very important role in sustaining this lifestyle. ==Domestic life== The women in the Yanomami tribe are responsible for domestic duties and chores, excluding hunting and killing large game. Although the women do not hunt, they do work in gardens and gather small sources as food. The ''gardens plots'' are sectioned off by family. Bananas, sugarcane, mangoes, sweet potatoes, papaya, manioc, and other crops are grown.〔Napoleon A. Chagnon (1992). ''Yanomamo''. NY: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Fourth edition.〕 About 60 different crops are grown in these gardens which account for about 80% of their food. The women also collect nuts, shellfish and insect larvae. Wild honey is highly prized and the Yanomami harvest 15 different kinds.〔Napoleon A. Chagnon (1992). ''Yanomamo''. NY: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Fourth edition.〕 The Yanomami women cultivate these gardens until they are no longer fertile, and then move their plots. As Amazonian soil is not very fertile, a new garden is cleared every two or three years.〔Schwartz, David M, with Victor Englebert. ''Vanishing Peoples Yanomami People of The Amazon''. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books.〕 Women are expected to carry 70 to 80 pound loads of crops on their backs during harvest season, using bark straps and woven baskets.〔Kenneth Good (1991). ''Into the Heart: One Man's Pursuit of Love and Knowledge Among the Yanomamia''. NY: Simon and Schuster.〕 Plantains and grubs are common sources of food, and are staples in the Yanomami diet. While the men hunt, the women and young children go off in search of termite nests and other grubs, which will later be roasted around family hearths.Each family has its own hearth where food is prepared and cooked during the day. At night, hammocks are slung near the fire which is stoked all night to keep people warm.〔 Although hunting accounts for only 10% of Yanomami food, among men it is considered the most reputable of skills and meat is greatly valued by everyone. No hunter ever eats the meat that he has killed. Instead he shares it out among friends and family.〔(Survival International: The Yanomami )〕 In return, he will be given meat by another hunter.〔Napoleon A. Chagnon (1992). ''Yanomamo''. NY: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Fourth edition.〕 Sometimes, the women also pursue frogs, land crabs, or caterpillars, or even look for vines that can be woven into baskets. While some women gather these small sources of food, other women go off and fish for several hours during the day.〔Alcida Rita Ramos (1995). Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 〕 The women also commonly use plants such as manioc to turn into flat cakes, which they cook over a small pile of coals.〔Schwartz, David M, with Victor Englebert. ''Vanishing Peoples Yanomami People of The Amazon''. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books.〕 Yanomami women are expected to bear and raise many children, who are expected to help their mothers with domestic chores from a very young age, and mothers rely very much on help from their daughters. Using small strings of bark and roots, Yanomami women weave and decorate baskets. They use these baskets to carry plants, crops, and food to bring back to the shabono.〔 They use a red berry known as ''onoto'' to dye the baskets, as well as to paint their bodies and dye their loin cloths.〔 After the baskets are painted, they are further decorated with masticated charcoal pigment. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yanomami women」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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